浙江师范大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题(A卷)
科目代码: 651 科目名称: 综合英语(含英汉互译)
适用专业: 050201英语语言文学、050211外国语言学及应用语言学
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Part One Grammar and Vocabulary (45 points, 1.5 points each)
Directions: In this part you must complete the following sentences by choosing one suitable word or phrase from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. I didn’t know why he became so annoyed when I patted him ________.
A. on the head B. on head C. on a head D. on his head
2. Mary is going into the country to sketch with ________ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
3. ________ of his explanations can convince the people present, so they decided to charge him.
A. No one B. None C. Nothing D. All
4. A series of accidents caused by the abnormal weather ________ reported to the public.
A. has been B. were C. have been D. are
5. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT?
A. About in 1977 I worked on a state-owned farm.
B. About at eleven o’clock the telephone rang again.
C. The work of art was discovered about nine or ten years ago.
D. We got married about a year ago.
6. Which “which” in the following sentences CANNOT be replaced by “as”?
A. Benjamin was late, which made the manager very angry.
B. He gets up early, which is always his habit.
C. He is from the south, which we can see from his accent.
D. John was admitted into the college, which we had expected.
7. ________ I had! It really made me suffer a lot.
A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. How time
8. The cause could not help but ________today.
A. be advanced B. to be advanced C. being advanced D. to advance
9. He was clever ________ he can solve it in a few minutes.
A. so much B. that much C. much as D. so much so that
10. ________ as he is, he is very polite to the senior.
A. A child B. Child C. The child D. This child
11. They were heartbroken when they learned the news that their child was ________.
A. abnormal B. uncommon C. eccentric D. informal
12. Different schools of thought should respect and ________ each other.
A. compliment B. complement C. contemplate D. contempt
13. Hostilities ended with the conclusion of a peace ________.
A. agreement B. contract C. treaty D. accord
14. I can answer all the following questions ________ the last one.
A. excluding B. except C. besides D. except for
15. We’ll take our holiday ________ in August, I think.
A. sometime B. sometimes C. some time D. some times
16. The plan makes no allowance for people working at different rates. The underlined word means ________.
A. money B. tax C. consideration D. admission
17. The mad women rushed out of the house and soon ________ into the night.
A. vanished B. perished C. disappeared D. deceased
18. The region of atmospheric pressure that is below ________ is not good for people’s health.
A. average B. ordinary C. regular D. normal
19. We’ll make experiments at selected points to ________ experience.
A. earn B. achieve C. attain D. acquire
20. I’ll take issue with you on that subject. The underlined part means ________.
A. discuss B. refuse C. support D. disagree
21. Letting her friend borrow her car was an ________ act that she immediately regretted.
A. instinctive B. involuntary C. impulsive D. automatic
22. I would rather they ________ to make the investigation tomorrow.
A. came B. come C. should come D. would come
23. He formally stated that there was ________ over the anger and sense of betrayal and abandonment.
A. not gotten B. no gotten C. no getting D. not getting
24. There are trees on ________ side of the road.
A. both B. every C. each D. all
25. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT?
A. He barely not acknowledged her presence. B. He barely escaped death in the accident.
C. He slept very bad last night. D. He needs a bandage for his wound badly.
26. He ________ in his childhood, and they got married when they grew up.
A. made the acquaintance of her B. made her acquaintance
C. made the acquaintance with her D. made their acquaintance
27. The policemen figured out his identity from his ________.
A. accent B. speech C. tone D. dialect
28. The highest and best form of efficiency is the ________ cooperation of a free people.
A. simultaneous B. contemporary C. concurrence D. spontaneous
29. He tried to ________ the readers by plagiarizing from the work of another writer.
A. cheat B. deceive C. trick D. abduct
30. The economy of this country is ________, and it will certainly show a great improvement next year.
A. rising up B. getting up C. looking up D. showing up
Part Two Reading Comprehension (45 points)
Section A (30 points, 2 points each)
Directions: In this part there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple choice questions, each with four suggested answers marked with A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE you think is the best answer and then write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text A
People say no one reads anymore, but I find that’s not the case. Prisoners read. I guess they’re not given much access to computers. A felicitous injustice for me. The nicest reader letters I’ve received --- also the only reader letters I’ve received --- have come from prisoners. Maybe we’re all prisoners? In our lives, our habits, our relationships? That’s not nice, my saying that. Maybe it’s even evil, to choose the misery of others.
I want to mention that, when I sold the movie, my husband had just left me. I came home one day and a bunch of stuff was gone. I thought we’d been robbed. Then I found a note: “I can’t live here anymore.” He had taken quite a lot with him. For example, we had a particularly nice Parmesan grater and he had taken that. But he had left behind his winter coat. Also a child. We had a child together, sort of, I was carrying it --- girl or boy, I hadn’t wanted to find out --- inside me.
I searched online for a replacement for that Parmesan grater, because I had really liked that Parmesan grater. It was the kind that works like a mill, not the kind you just scrape against; it had a handle that was fun to turn. There were a number of similar graters available, but with unappealing “comfort” grips. Finally, I found the same model. Was it premature to repurchase? Two days passed basically like that. Then, on Wednesday, my brother called. I gave him the update on my life.
“Wow, that’s really something,” he said.
“Yeah. It is something.”
Then he said, “I thought it was a work of fantasy, Trish. I mean, I guess I should have told you about it…”
“What?”
“The blog,” he said. “His blog. I-Can’t-Stand-My-Wife-Dot-Blogspot-Dot-Com…”
“Are you going through one of your sleepless phases again?”
“Trish, I know it makes me sound snoopy, but Jonathan always seemed a little off to me, you know? So after he left your apartment one time, when I was alone there, I’m sorry, I opened up his laptop, and I looked through the browser history. I was curious about his porn. I thought maybe there would be some really weird porn…”
“There was weird porn?”
“None at all, actually. Which in itself was kind of weird. No porn. Just his blog. And…”
“All right. Well. I’m thinking of buying a new Parmesan grater…”
“I thought it was satire, Trish.http://www.2exam.com/ARTICLE/ To be honest, it’s pretty funny. Look, I knew you could never have said some of that stuff. I mean, you are kind of critical, Trish, but still. How could I have known Jonathan was serious? I thought, maybe these things can be healthy. Funny is healthy. Maybe this is a healthy way for Jonathan to vent some anger, some hurt feelings. Healthy fantasy, you know? I didn’t know what to do, Trish. I asked my shrink. He wouldn’t weigh in! I decided not to interfere. Look, don’t be mad at me, Trish, I’m just the traumatized bystander here…”
31. The author’s attitude towards prisoners’ reading is one of ________.
A. support B. disapproval C. uncertainty D. contradiction
32. When the author’s husband left her, ________.
A. she was a pregnant woman B. she had been well-prepared
C. he had told her in advance D. he took her most favorite stuff away
33. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the author ________.
A. didn’t care about her husband at all B. was suffering greatly in her mind
C. went in for shopping very much D. was too premature in shopping
34. The moment Trish told her brother about the latest, he ________.
A. was shocked by the bad news B. tried his best to comfort her
C. seemed to know something D. became indeed furious
35. Trish’s brother didn’t tell her about Jonathan’s blog because ________.
A. he wanted to save his sister’s marriage
B. he thought it a good way for emotional release
C. he was afraid that she might be angry over it
D. he didn’t dare to interfere with their business
TEXT B
“Mirror Worlds” is only one of David Gelernter’s big ideas. Another is “lifestreams” --- in essence, vast electronic diaries. “Every document you create and every document other people send you is stored in your lifestreams,” he wrote in the mid-1990s together with Eric Freeman, who produced a doctoral thesis on the topic. Putting electronic documents in chronological order, they said, would make it easier for people to manage all their digital output and experiences.
Lifestreams have not yet replaced the desktop on personal computers, as Mr. Gelernter had hoped. Indeed, a software start-up to implement the idea folded in 2004. But today something quite similar can be found all over the web in many different forms. Blogs are essentially electronic diaries. Personal newsfeeds are at the heart of Facebook and other social networks. A torrent of short text messages appears on Twitter.
Certain individuals are going even further than Mr. Gelernter expected. Some are digitizing their entire office, including pictures, bills and correspondence. Others record their whole life. Gordon Bell, a researcher at Microsoft, puts everything he has accumulated, written, photographed and presented in his “local cyberspace”. Yet others “log” every aspect of their lives with wearable cameras.
The latest trend is “life-tracking”. Practitioners keep meticulous digital records of things they do: how much coffee they drink, how much work they do each day, what books they are reading, and so on. Much of this is done manually by putting the data into a PC or, increasingly, a smartphone. But people are also using sensors, mainly to keep track of their vital signs, for instance to see how well they sleep or how fast they run.
The first self-trackers were mostly geeks fascinated by numbers. But the more recent converts simply want to learn more about themselves, says Gary Wolf, a technology writer and co-founder of a blog called “The Quantified Self”. They want to use technologyhttp://www.2exam.com to help them identify factors that make them depressed, keep them from sleeping or affect their cognitive performance. One self-tracker learned, for instance, that eating a lot of butter allowed him to solve arithmetic problems faster.
A market for self-tracking devices is already emerging. Fitbit and Greengoose, two start-ups, are selling wireless accelerometers that can track a user’s physical activity. Zeo, another start-up, has developed an alarm clock that comes with a headband to measure people’s brainwave activity at night and chart their sleep on the web.
As people create more such self-tracking data, firms will start to mine them and offer services based on the result. Xobni, for example, analyses people’s inboxes (“xobni” spelled backwards) to help them manage their e-mail and contacts. It lists them according to the intensity of the electronic relationship rather than in alphabetical order. Users are sometimes surprised by the results, says Jeff Bonforte, the firm’s boss: “They think it’s creepy when we list other people before their girlfriend or wife.”
36. The word “folded” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. succeeded B. disappeared C. appeared D. failed
37. Which of the following statements is TRUE of electronic documents?
A. They are open to the individual’s friends. B. The types of documents are limited.
C. They can be put in various websites. D. They are mainly presented in pictures.
38. As to life-tracking, the author has given the following examples EXCEPT ________.
A. the tool B. the purpose C. the method D. the individual
39. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. many men tend to alienate from their girlfriends or wives deliberately
B. in some aspects, men have closer relationship with others than their wives
C. self-tracking devices and data might bring trouble to many families
D. people may take advantage of self-tracking data to fulfill their dreams
40. The best title of the passage is ________.
A. Tracking Your Life on the Web B. Recording Electronic Documents
C. Life-tracking Devices D. A New Technology
TEXT C
When Metro Bank, which claims to be Britain’s first new high-street bank for more than 150 years, opens its first branch in inner London, customers will notice the candy jars and water bowls for dogs. But what really sets Metro Bank apart is its state-of-the-art IT system. New customers will be able to get their account, chequebook, debit and credit cards within 15 minutes, and all the data for each customer will be kept in one place.
That puts Metro Bank in an enviable position. IT at many other Western banks is often a mess of homemade systems. Banks were the first to use mainframes in the 1960s; many are still using the original applications because it is risky to swap them out. Over the years more and more systems have been slapped on. Banks were often profitable enough to afford big IT teams, writing programs themselves rather than buying off the shelf.
As a result banks tend to operate lots of different databases producing conflicting numbers. Reported numbers for the bank’s exposure were regularly billions of dollars adrift of reality, he reports, finding the source of the error was hard.
Many banks also do not have a “single view” of their customers, which would allow them to offer tailored products or simply serve them better. Most systems are organized around accounts, not people. A customer’s data are duplicated for each account, often in slightly different formats. This is why talking to a call centre can take forever as employees laboriously switch between applications to sort things out.
Some banks, particularly the smaller ones, outsource their IT to providers such as Fiserv or use packaged software. Vendors range from well-known names, such as Infosys and Oracle, to specialized firms such as Temenos. Firms can offer better service as a result. It takes Vietnam’s Techcombank, one of the country’s fastest-growing banks, days to launch new products. It takes weeks for foreign rivals.
A few big banks are trying to improve. When HSBC started a huge consolidation project called “One HSBC” in 2008, it operated 55 separate systems for core banking, 24 for credit cards and 41 for Internet banking. By the end of next year, says Ken Harvey, the bank’s chief information officer, it plans to have one “gold suite” of applications implemented globally. But most bigger banks are still grappling with how to move forward, according to Martin Whybrow of IBS Intelligence, a research firm.
41. We can infer from the first paragraph that ________.
A. customers welcome the good service of Metro Bank
B. other banks may not have an advanced IT system
C. other banks will definitely learn from Metro Bank
D. the first branch of Metro Bank will be successful
42. Which of the following statements about the IT system at most Western banks is TRUE ________.
A. The application of more systems produced conflicting results
B. Some banks didn’t update their system due to financial matters
C. Banks didn’t take the lead to install the IT system in operation
D. Banks prefer buying programs to employing teams to write them
43. If banks have a single view of their customers, their ________ will be improved.
A. reputation B. efficiency C. influence D. structure
44. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. banks without an IT system will die out
B. banks are forced to improve their IT system
C. some banks have reformed their IT system
D. many banks hope to reform their IT system
45. The passage aims to inform us that ________.
A. there are regulatory changes in big banks B. smaller banks do better than big banks
C. big banks need IT reform rather badly D. IT system needs to be updated today
Section B (15 points)
Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Climbing the Mountain of Success
(1) It has long struck me that the familiar metaphor of “climbing the ladder” for describing the ascent to success or fulfillment in any field is inappropriate and misleading. There are no ladders that lead to success, although there may be some escalators for those lucky enough to follow in a family’s fortunes.
(2) A ladder proceeds vertically, rung by rung, with each rung evenly spaced, and with the whole apparatus leaning against a relatively flat and even surface. A child can climb a ladder as easily as an adult, and perhaps with a surer footing.
(3) Making the ascent in one’s vocation or profession is far less like ladder climbing than mountain climbing, and here the analogy is a very real one. Going up a mountain requires a variety of skills, and includes a diversity of dangers, that are in no way involved in mounting a ladder.
(4) Young people starting out should be told this, both to dampen their expectations and to allay their disappointments. A mountain is rough and precipitous, with uncertain footing and a predictable number of falls and scrapes, and sometimes one has to take the long way around to reach the shortest distance.
(5) One needs different tools and the knowledge and skill to use them most effectively --- as well as knowing when not to employ them. Most of all, a peculiar combination of daring and prudence is called for, which not all persons possess.
(6) The art of rappelling is important, because sometimes one has to go down a little in order to go up. And the higher one gets, the greater the risk and the greater the fall; there is much exhilaration --- but little security and less oxygen --- in altitude. As many stars and standouts and company presidents have found to their regret, it is often harder to stay there than to get there.
(7) Then, too, one must learn that there is no necessary relationship between public success and private satisfaction. The top of the ladder is shaky unless the base is firmly implanted and the whole structure is well defended against the winds of envy and greed and duplicity and the demands of one’s own ego. The peak of the mountain is even more exposed to a chilling wind, as well as to a pervasive sense of loneliness. Many may have admired the ascent, but many more, eager to make the same endeavor, are waiting at the foot of the slope to witness an ignominious fall. It is easier to extend good will to those who do not threaten our own sense of worth.
(8) People who are not prepared for failure are not prepared for success; if not for failure, at least for setbacks and slides and frustrations, and the acceptance of the deficits that so often accompany the assets. Ambition untempered by realism will never see the missing rung it falls through on that mythical ladder.
46. What is the major writing technique (logical device) used in the essay? (2 points)
47. Provide an outline for this short essay. (8 points)
48. What logical device is used in Paragraphs 2 and 3 when the writer discusses ladder climbing and mountain climbing? (3 points)
49. What cohesive device is used to join Paragraphs 6 and 7? (2 points)
Part Three Translation (60 points)
Section A (30 points)
Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event. You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different, and if this is not enchantment, then where is it to be found? The very stealth, the eerie quietness of the thing makes it more magical. If all the snow fell at once in one shattering crash, awakening us in the middle of the night, the event would be robbed of its wonder. But it flutters down, soundless, hour after hour while we are asleep. Outside the closed curtains of the bedroom a vast transformation scene is taking place, just as if a myriad of elves and brownies were at work, and we turn and yawn and stretch and know nothing about it. And then, what an extraordinary change it is! It is as if the house you are in has been dropped down in another continent. Even the inside, which has not been touched, seems different, every room appearing smaller and cozier, just as if some power were trying to turn it into a woodcutter’s hut or a snug log cabin. Outside, where the garden was yesterday, there is now a white and glistening level, and the village beyond is no longer your own familiar cluster of roofs but a village in an old German fairy tale.
Section B (30 points)
Directions: Put the following passage into English and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
这是我们的希望，也是我们的信念，它将伴随我南行。怀着这样的希望，我们将从绝望之山开采希望之石；怀着这样的希望，我们定能让我们这个乱世纷争的国度演奏出充满亲情和谐的交响乐章；怀着这样的希望，我们将一起工作，一起祈祷，一起战斗，一起入狱，一起为自由而斗争，因为我们知道，终有一天我们会获得自由。当这一天到来时，上帝的孩子们会给这首歌赋予新的含义：“这就是你我共有的国家，它是甜美可爱的自由之邦，这就是我引亢高歌颂扬的地方。我们的祖先长眠于此，这片土地曾令他们引以为豪。就让自由之声在每一座山峰回荡。
